Amakuru – Okweyongyera kw’okwenda amajuta agarikukoresa carbon kugaita eby’entaasya nikugumizamu kwongyera aha mubaro gwa carbon dioxide (CO2) omu mwanya. N’obu okuteeraho kuraabe nikukorwa kukyendeeza aha CO2 erikuruga omu mwanya, eki tikirikukyendeeza aha kabi akarikuruga omu gaasi ebaire eri omu mwanya. Nahabwekyo abacondoozi baizire n’emiringo y’obuhanguzi ey’okukozesa CO2 eri omu mwanya barikugihindura ebintu by’omuhendo nka formic acid (HCOOH) na methanol. Okukyendeeza aha kishushani kya CO2 orikukoresa ebirikworeka ebiri omu mushana orikukoresa omushana ogurikureebwa nk’ekirikureetaho okukyendeeza aha kishushani n’omuringo ogurikumanywa munonga ogw’okuhindura nk’okwo.
Omu kucondooza okuhererukireyo, okwashohoziibwe omu kitabo kya Angewandte Chemie eky’ensi yoona ebiro 8 Okwakataano 2023, Purofesa Kazuhiko Maeda n’ekibiina kye ky’abacondoozi aha itendekyero rya Tokyo erya tekinologiya bakozire entunguuka mpango. Batungire obusinguzi omu kukora omutindo gw’ekyoma-ebihangirwe (MOF) ogw’etini (Sn) ogurikutunguura okukyendeeza kw’ebishushani ebitoorainwe ebya CO2. MOF eyatandikireho juba ekaheebwa eiziina rya KGF-10 kandi emibazi yaayo ni [SnII2(H3ttc)2.MeOH]n (H3ttc: asidi y’omubiri, MeOH: omubazi gw’omubiri). Okukozesa omushana ogurikureebwa, KGF-10 neehindura gye CO2 kuba asidi ya formic (HCOOH). Purofesa Maeda akashoborora, "okuhisya hati, ebyoma bingi ebyakora gye munonga ebyokukyendeeza CO2 ebirikwegamira aha byoma ebitarikukira kureebwa kandi eby'ekitiinisa bikozirwe. Nobukirabe, okuta omu nkora emirimo y'okutwara omushana n'okuhindura omu kicweka kimwe ekirimu ebyoma bingi nikiguma kiri ekizibu." N’ahabw’ekyo, Sn akooreka ngu n’omuntu murungi munonga orikubaasa kusingura ebizibu ebi bibiri.”
MOFs, ezirikugaita oburungi bw’ebyoma n’ebintu ebiine amagara, nizicondoozibwa nk’omuringo ogundi ogw’ekibira kukira eby’obuhangwa ebirikukora aha bishushani ebirikwegamira aha byoma by’omu itaka ebitarikukira kureebwa. Sn, emanyirwe ahabw’emirimo yaayo ebiri nk’ekirikureetaho n’okutwara omushana omu nkora z’okuteera ebishushani, neebaasa kuba omuringo gw’okutooranamu ogurikubaasika aha bikwatiraine n’okuteera ebishushani ebirikwegamira ahari MOF. N‘obu MOFs ezirimu zirconium, iron, na lead ziraabe zikyebeirwe munonga, okwetegyereza MOFs ezirikwegamira ahari Sn kukiri kukye. Ebindi bihandiiko n’okucondooza nibyetengyesa kubaasa kucondooza omu bwijwire aha birikubaasa kubaho n’okukozesa MOFs ezirikwegamira ahari Sn omu muringo gw’okucondooza.
Okubaasa kuhangaho MOF KGF-10 erikwegamira aha nshaho, abacondoozi bakakoresa H3ttc (asidi y’etini), MeOH (methanol), n’etini nk’ebintu by’okutandikiraho. Bakatoorana 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole nk’omugabi w’eby’obuhangwa n’entandikwa y’amaizi g’omubiri. Bwanyima y’okukora okucondooza, KGF-10 eyatungirwe ekakoresibwa emiringo etari emwe n’emwe y’okucondooza. Ebigyezo ebi byorekire ngu ekintu eki kiine obushoboorozi bw’okunywa CO2 obw’omutindo gw’ahaiguru n’ekicweka kya band gap kya 2.5 eV n’okunywa okuhikire omu nkora y’oburaingwa bw’amaizi erikureebeka.
Abanyasayansi abo bakaba baine okumanya aha mitwarize y’ebintu ebisya n’eby’emibazi, bakabikoresa kuhwera omu kukyendeeza omuyaga ogurikwetwa carbon dioxide ahabw’omushana ogurikureebwa. Ekikuru, abacondoozi bakashanga ngu KGF-10 neehikiiriza okuhindura CO2 kuza omu formate (HCOO-) n’okutoorana okurikuhika ahari 99% hatariho ekirikuhwera omu kuhindura omushana nari ekirikureetaho okuhinduka. Okwongyera ahari ekyo, KGF-10 ekooreka okutunguuka kw’ebintu ebirikureebeka nk’eby’omuhendo ebitakabahoga – ekipimo ky’oburungi bw’okukozesa ebishushani by’ebishushani – kuhika aha muheendo gwa 9.8% ahari 400 nm. Ekikuru, okucondooza aha nkora y’ebintu okwakozirwe omu bwire bw’okugarukamu kw’ebishushani (photocatalytic reaction) kukooreka ngu KGF-10 neehindurwa omu nkora y’ebintu kuhwera omu nkora y’okukyendeeza.
Okucondooza oku okurikutandikaho nikworeka ekikwato ky’okuteera ebishushani ekirikukora gye munonga KGF-10 ekirikukoresa ebyoma by’omuhendo nk’ekikwato ky’omuringo gumwe eky’okukyendeeza CO2 kuhinduka ahabw’omushana ogurikureebwa. Ebintu by’okutangaaza ebya KGF-10 ebyayorekwa omu kucondooza oku nibibaasa kuhindura omu kukozesa kwayo nk’ekintu ekirikureetaho okureeba omu miringo etari emwe n’emwe, otwariiremu n’okukyendeeza CO2 kuruga omu izooba. Purofeesa Maeda naahendera ati: “Ebyarugamu nibyoreka ngu MOFs nizibaasa kukora nk’omusingi gw’okukora obushoboorozi bw’ahaiguru obw’okukoresa ebyoma ebitari by’obutwa, ebitarikutwara sente nyingi kandi ebiri omu nsi, ebirikukira kuba biri eby’ekyoma ebigumire. Okuzoora oku nikwiguraho emiringo mirungi. ebicweka bisya omu by’okureeberaho by’okuteera ebishushani kandi nibikingaho omuhanda gw’okukoresa eby’obugaiga by’ensi omu muringo ogugumire kandi oguhikire.
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