Abacondoozi kuruga omu yunivasite ya Chalmers, bateireho omuringo musya kandi ogurikukora gye ogw’okugaruraho ebyoma kuruga omu bateri z’emotoka z’amashanyarazi. Omuringo ogu nigugaruraho 100% aluminium na 98% lithium kuruga omu bateri za EV ezikozesiibwe. Eki nikikyendeeza aha kufeerwa kw’ebintu by’omuhendo nka nickel, cobalt na manganese. Enkora egi terikwetaaga emibazi y’omuhendo nari ey’akabi ahabw’okuba abacondoozi bakakoresa oxalic acid, asidi nayo erikushangwa omu bukama bw’ebimera.
Obwahati, tihaine obaasize kutunga embeera nungi z’okutaanisa omubaro ogu gwa lithiamu barikukoresa oxalic acid n’okuihaho aluminiyamu yoona. Leah Rouquette, omwegi wa PhD omu kitongore ky’eby’obuhangwa n’eby’obuhangwa omu yunivasite ya Chalmers, akagira ngu ahabw’okugira ngu bateri zoona zirimu aluminiyamu, tushemerire kuba nitubaasa kugiihaho tutarikufeerwa ebyoma ebindi.
Omu kitongore ky’okugaruzaho battery omu yunivasite ya Chalmers, Leah Rouquette n’omwebembezi w’okucondooza Martina Petranikova boorekire oku omuringo musya ogu gurikukora. Laboratory ekaba erimu battery z’emotoka ezakozesiibwe, kandi omu fume hood hakaba harimu ebintu ebishazirwe omu muringo gw’esaano erikwiragura eshazirwe gye erimu amaizi agarikwera – oxalic acid. Leah Rouquette naakoresa ekintu ekirikushusha nk’ekikwato ky’okuteera amaizi omu kiyungu kujwanzya amaizi n’empunu. N’obu kiraabe nikireebeka nk’ekyanguhi nk’oku arikukora kaawa, omuringo ogwo gwonka n’ogw’omutaano kandi n’ekintu ekihererukireyo kushohozibwa omu bya sayansi. Omu kuhindura gye ebiriisa, okuta omutima aha kintu n’obwire, abacondoozi bakakora omuringo musya ogurikukoresa oxalic acid, ekirungo ekitarikushiisha eby’obuhangwa kandi ekirikushangwa n’omu bimera nka rhubarb na spinach.
Emibazi endiijo ey’obunaku obu etari y’obuhangwa neeyetengyesa. Okwongyera ahari ekyo, kimwe aha bizibu ebikuru omu miringo y’obunaku obu n’okuihaho ebintu ebisigaireho nk’ekyoma kya aluminiyamu. Martina Petranikova, omuhwezi wa Purofeesa omu kitongore ky’eby’obuhangwa n’eby’obuhangwa omu yunivasite ya Chalmers, naagira ngu n’omuringo gw’okukora ebintu bisya ogurikubaasa kuha emiringo mirungi y’okukoresa eby’obuhangwa n’okuhwera omu kushoboorora oburemeezi oburikuremesa entunguuka.
Emiringo y’okukora ebintu ebirikwegamira aha maizi neeyetwa hydrometallurgy. Omu by’obuhangwa eby’amaizi, “obukooko” kuruga omu bintu nka aluminiyamu na copper nibibanza byaihwaho, reero ebyoma by’omuhendo nka lithium, cobalt, nickel na manganese nibibaasa kukoresibwa. N’obu haraabe hasigaireho aluminiyamu n’omuringa mukye, nikyetengyesa emitendekyere mingi y’okugishemeza, kandi buri mutendekye gw’omuringo ogu nigurugamu okusheeshasheesha. Omu muringo musya ogu, abacondoozi bakahindura oku baasharaho kandi baabanza baataanisa lithiamu n’aluminiyamu. Omu muringo ogu, nibabaasa kukyendeeza aha kusheeshasheesha eby’ekyoma by’omuhendo ebirikwetengyesa kukora bateri ensya.
Nangwa n’ekicweka kya kabiri eky’omuringo ogu—okushwijuma omutaano ogurikwiragura—nikitwijutsya oku barikukora kaawa. Aluminiyamu na lithiamu ku biraabe nibitaaha omu maizi, ebyoma ebindi nibiguma omu “kiina.” Eidara erikukurataho omu nkora egi n’okutaanisa aluminiyamu na lithium.
"Ahabw'okugira ngu ebyoma ebi biine emitwarize etarikushushana munonga, nitwikiriza ngu okubitaanisa tikirikwija kuba kigumire. Omuringo gwaitu omusya nigwiguraho omuhanda musya ogurikuraganisa ogw'okugaruzaho battery ogu twine buri kimwe ekirikutuhiga kwongyera kucondooza," Leah Rouquette nikwo arikugira. Martina Petranikova naagira ati: “Obw’okugira ngu omuringo ogu nigubaasa n’okukoresibwa omu bwingi, twine amatsiko ngu nigwija kuba ogw’omugasho omu by’obushuubuzi omu myaka erikwija.”
Ekibiina ky’okucondooza ekya Martina Petranikova kimazire emyaka mingi nikikora okucondooza okurikwebembera aha kugaruza ebyoma omu bateri za lithium-ion. Ekibiina eki nikikwatanisa na kampuni ezirikwejumba omu kugaruzaho battery z'emotoka z'amashanyarazi kandi n'omunywani omu purojekiti z'amaani eza R&D nka Volvo Cars hamwe na purojekiti ya Northvolt eya Nybat.
Ebindi ebirikukwata aha kucondooza oku: Ekihandiiko kya sayansi “Okugaruzaho lithium omu bwijwire kuruga omu bateri z’emotoka z’amashanyarazi ezirimu lithium-ion: okukora eky’okureeberaho n’okutunguura orikukoresa oxalic acid nk’ekintu ekirikureetaho okusheeshasheesha” kikashohozibwa omu jano Separation and Purification Technology. Okucondooza oku kukakorwa Leah Rouquette, Martina Petranikova na Natalia Vieceli kuruga omu kitongore ky’eby’obuhangwa n’eby’obuhangwa aha yunivasite ya Chalmers ey’eby’obuhangwa. Okucondooza oku kukaheebwa sente kuruga omukitongore ky’amashanyarazi ekya Sweden, ekitongore kya Sweden ekya Battery Base na Vinnova, kandi okucondooza oku kukakorwa barikukoresa battery z’emotoka z’amashanyarazi eza Volvo Cars ezikozesiibwe kandi ezikozirwe Stena Recycling na Akkuser Oy.
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