Aha biro 20 by'okwezi kwa kana 2023, ekitongore ky'okurinda eby'obuhangwa omuri America (EPA) kikarangirira okushohoza ekiragiro ekiteirweho ahansi y'ekicweka kya 6(a) eky'ebiragiro by'okurinda obutwa (TSCA) ebirikuzibira okukoresa munonga methylene chloride. EPA ekagira ngu okushwijuma kwayo okutaine buhame okwa dichloromethane kukaba nikureetwaho akabi akarikukwata aha bakozi, abakugu abatarikugikozesa (ONUs), abaguzi, n‘abo abari haihi n‘okukoresa kw‘abaguzi. Ekitongore ky’okurinda eby’obuhangwa kimanyire akabi k’okukwatwaho kubi aha magara g’abantu ahabw’okuhuuta n’okukwatwaho oruhu rw’omubazi gwa methylene chloride, otwariiremu n’obutwa bw’omubiri, okukwatwaho kw’ekibumba, na kansa. EPA yagira ngu ekiragiro kyayo ekiteirweho eky’okurinda akabi “nikiija kukyendeeza juba” okukora, okukora n’okugaba methylene chloride ahabw’abakozesa boona n’okukoresa okurikukirayo omu makorero n’eby’obushuubuzi, ebingi aharibyo nibiija kuhikiirizibwa omu bwijwire omu myezi 15. EPA ekagira ngu aha nkozesa nyingi eza dichloromethane, neija kuha ekiteiso ky’okugizibira. Okweshwijuma kworekire ngu emiringo endiijo ey‘okukoresa omu mwanya gwa dichloromethane erimu esente n‘oburungi oburikushushana omu bwijwire neebaho. Ekiragiro ekirikuteekateekwaho kyaheza kushohozibwa omu kitabo kya Federo, ebiro 60 by'okuha ebiteekateeko byabo nibiija kutandika.
Ahansi y‘ekihandiiko ky‘ebiragiro ebiteirweho ahansi y‘ekicweka kya TSCA 6(b), EPA eshangire ngu methylene chloride neereetaho akabi akatari k‘oburyo k‘okuhutaaza amagara, hatariho kugyendera aha sente nari ebindi ebitari by‘akabi, obariiremu akabi akatari k‘oburyo omu mbeera z‘okukoresa (COU) ahabw‘abo abamanyirwe nk‘abarikubaasa kukwatwaho. okushwijuma akabi ka kloride. Okumaraho akabi akatari ka nshonga, EPA neehabura, kurugiirira aha kicweka kya 6(a) ekya TSCA:
EPA neegira ngu COU zoona eza TSCA eza dichloromethane (otabariiremu okugikozesa omu rangi z’abaguzi n’ebirikwihaho erangi, ezirikukora zonka ahansi y’ekicweka kya TSCA 6 (84 Fed. Reg. 11420, Okwakashatu 27, 2019)) niziteebwaho okuheebwa oku. Okurugirira ahari EPA, TSCA neeshoboorora COUs nk‘embeera ezirikuteekateekwaho, ezimanyirwe, nari ezirikuteekateekwaho omu muringo oguhikire ezi omubazi gurikukoramu, gukozirwemu, gugabwa, gukoresibwa, nari gusheenywa ahabw‘ebigyendererwa by‘obushuubuzi. EPA neshaba abantu kuha ebiteekateeko byabo aha bintu bitari bimwe na bimwe ebirikukwata aha nteekateeka egi.
Okurugirira aha kihandiiko kya EPA, EPA ekabuuza ekitongore ky’okwerinda n’amagara aha mirimo (OSHA) omu kuteekateeka aha kiragiro ekitebeekanisiibwe “kandi kyateekateeka aha byetaago bya OSHA ebiriho omu kuteekateeka aha by’okwerinda by’abakozi ebitebeekanisiibwe.” ebyetaago by‘okumaraho akabi akataine nshonga. Abakozesa nibaija kutunga omwaka gumwe gw’okukuratira WCPP bwanyima ya EPA kushohora n’ebiragiro by’aha muheru eby’okurinda akabi kandi nibaija kwetenga kureeba ngu barikukora buri kaanya kureeba ngu abakozi tibaakwatwaho methylene chloride, ekirikubaasa kureetaho akabi akataine nshonga.
EPA “neeshaba abantu kugaruka kureeba ekiragiro ekirikuteekateekwaho kandi bakaha ebiteekateeko byabo.” EPA ekagira ngu “nekunda munonga kuhurira ebiteekateeko by’ebitongore ebirikwetenga kuta omu nkora puroguraamu etebekanisiibwe aha kubaasa n’oburungi bw’ebirikwetengyesa eby’okurinda abakozi ebitebeekanisiibwe.” EPA, neija kuba eine omukoro gw’okugaaniira aha mukutu gwa intaneeti ogw’abakama b’emirimo n’abakozi omu wiiki ezirikwija, “kwonka nigwija kuba ogw’omugasho ahari buri omwe orikwenda kureeba omu bwijwire enkora z’okutegyeka ezirikuteekateekwaho kugaaniira aha ntebeekanisa eziteirweho.” .
Bergeson & Campbell, PC (B&C®) nibatebereza aha rubaju oru EPA etebekanisiize kugyenderamu omu nkora z‘okurinda omubazi gw‘okukyebera n‘emiringo y‘okukyebera empango. Ekiragiro eki EPA etebekaniise nikikwatagana n‘ebiteiso byayo omu nteekateeka y‘ebiragiro by‘okureeberera akabi ka chrysotile, obariiremu enkora z‘okutegyeka eziteirweho z‘okuzibira okukoresa, enkora z‘okutegyeka ezikuru ez‘okukoresa omu bwire bukye ahansi ya TSCA Ekicweka kya 6(g) (nk‘eky‘okureeberaho, oburinzi bw‘eihanga n‘eby‘obugaiga ebikuru ebiriho hati ni expsure current limit chemi ( obugarukiro bw‘okushohozibwa omu mirimo. Ahaifo, nitufunza enshonga nyingi ezi ab‘ekyanga abatebeekanisiibwe bashemerire kuteekateekaho baaba nibatebeekanisa ebiteekateeko by‘abantu aha biragiro ebiteirweho, kandi twijutsya buri omwe obukuru bw‘okukoragana na EPA kare omu nteekateeka ezitarikutebeekanisibwa kuha amakuru aha mirimo y‘okutegyeka omu mbeera. Ebiragiro, otwariremu na TSCA.
Okurugiirira aha buhabuzi busya bwa EPA oburimu enkora ya “emibazi yoona”, titurikutangaara kureeba ngu eki EPA erikuteekateeka kukora eky’okutegyeka n’oku “zibira okukoresa dichloromethane omu makorero n’omu by’obushuubuzi okurikukirayo.” Kwonka, EPA neeha omuringo muhango gw‘okutegyeka kwikiriza enkozesa ezimwe eziteirweho ezizibiirwe kugumizamu kurugiirira aha kukuratira ebiragiro bya WCPP. Eki nitukigambaho ​​ahabw’okugira ngu ekicweka kya 6(a) eky’ebiragiro bya TSCA nikigira ngu EPA eine “kuta omu nkora ebirikwetengyesa kwihaho akabi akatarikuhikaana n’enshonga kuhika aha rurengo orurikwetengyesa kugira ngu omubazi nari omutaano gutagaruka kureetaho akabi nk’ako.” WCPP na ECEL yaaba neerinda amagara n‘eby‘obuhangwa, nk‘oku EPA erikuhagira, nikibaasa kureebeka ngu okuzibira enkozesa ezimwe nikurenga aha kiragiro kya “degree of necessity”. N‘obu WCPP yaakuba eri ey‘okwerinda, okuzibira okuriho okw‘okukoresa abakaikuru/abagurusi nikuguma kuhikire ahabw‘okuba abakaikuru/abagurusi nibabaasa kutabaasa kworeka n‘okuhandiika okukuratira oburinzi oburi omu WCPP. Aha rubaju orundi, omwanya gw‘okukoreramu gwaba nigubaasa kworeka n‘okuhandiika okukuratira ebirikwetengyesa omu WCPP, obwo nikibaasa kuba ngu okukoresa nk‘okwo kushemerire kugumizamu kwikirizibwa.
Nk‘ekicweka ky‘ebyetengo bya WCPP, EPA ekagira ngu neija kwetenga “okukuratira enkora nungi y‘okukyebera [GLP] 40 CFR Ekicweka 792′′.Ekyetengo eki nikihakanisa n‘okuteeraho kw‘okureeberera emyanya y‘okukoreramu okurikukirayo okurikukorwa kurugiirira aha nkora y‘okukyebera eby‘obuyonjo bw‘amakorero ey‘omutindo gwa GLPPA ogw‘okuha orusa omu kucondooza (IHLPA okureeberera nizihikaana n‘ekiragiro ky‘okukyebera ekyaheebwayo omu 2021, kwonka ti kiragiro kyakyo eky‘okwikirizibwa eky‘omutindo Nk‘eky‘okureeberaho, enkora y‘ekiragiro kya EPA TSCA Section 5(e) neeshoboorora ebi ahaifo omu kicweka III.D:
Kwonka, okukuratira TSCA GLP tikurikwetengyesa omu kicweka eki kisya eky‘obugarukiro bw‘okukoresa emibazi, ahu emiringo y‘okushwijuma erikuhamibwa ekitongore ky‘okukyebera ekiikiriziibwe: Ekibiina ky‘obuyonjo bw‘amakorero ekya America (“AIHA”) Puroguraamu y‘okuha orusa ekitongore ky‘obuyonjo bw‘amakorero (“IHLAP”). nari puroguraamu endiijo erikushushana n’egyo erikwikirizibwa omu buhandiikye na EPA.
EPA eshabire ebiteekateeko aha bintu bimwe eby‘ebiragiro ebiteirweho, ebi B&C erikuhabura ngu abarikubaasa kukwatwaho bateekateekyeho. Nk‘eky‘okureeberaho, EPA neegaaniira aha bushoboorozi oburi ahansi y‘ekicweka kya TSCA 6(g) bw‘okuha okushohozibwa kw‘obwire obukye ahabw‘embeera ezimwe z‘okukoresa nk‘enyonyi z‘abantu buntu, kandi EPA neehakanisa ngu okukuratira ebirikwetengyesa ebiteirweho “nikwija kuteganisa munonga...eby‘obugaiga ebikuru.” “Nitumanya ngu okurekura oku nikwija kubamu okukuratira WCPP Omu muringo nigwo gumwe, WCPP yaaba eri ey‘okwerinda kandi ekitongore nikibaasa kukuratira WCPP (nk‘eky‘okureeberaho, ECEL etari y‘oburwaire obutarikukira ebicweka 2 ahari buri miriyoni (ppm) n‘ekikomo ky‘okukwatwaho kw‘obwire bukye (STEL) ebicweka 16 ahari buri miriyoni), obwire bw‘amagara nibureebeka nk‘obw‘obukuumi n‘obw‘obukuumi nibuija kuba buri omu ex kukoresibwa obu oburinzi butarikumara kushoboorora akabi kandi okuzibira nikubaasa kuteganisa munonga ebicweka ebikuru (nk‘eky‘okureeberaho, eby‘okwerinda, eby‘enyonyi, eby‘obugaiga bw‘omutaka Nikireebeka ngu hariho enkora erikushushana n‘ekiragiro ky‘omukago gwa Buraaya aha kwehandikisa, okushwijuma, okwikiriza n‘okuzibira emibazi (REACH), ekirikuha obuhabuzi bwa substances). ekirikumara omu myanya yoona kwonka erimu obuzibu N‘obu enkora egi eraabe neebaasa kushemeza boona, kwonka omu kuteekateeka kwaitu, terikuhikiiriza obujunaanizibwa bw‘ekicweka kya 6 ekya EPA.
EPA neejuriza orupapura rwa 2022 oruine omutwe “Okushwijuma emiringo endiijo y’okukoresa Dichloromethane” (ekihandiiko 40 omu kiragiro ekiteirweho) omu kiragiro kyona ekiteirweho. Okurugirira aha kucondooza oku, EPA ekagira ngu “ekamanya ebintu ebiine ebirungo ebiine ebipimo by‘okukyebera akabi k‘enkomerero ebimwe ebiri ahansi ya dichloromethane n‘ebirungo ebimwe ebiine ebipimo by‘okukyebera akabi ebiri ahaiguru ya dichloromethane (ref. 40)”. Omu bwire bw‘okushoboorora oku, EPA tekataire ekihandiiko eki aha runyiriri rw‘okukyebera ebiragiro, kandi EPA tekakitaire aha nkora yaayo ey‘okucondooza aha by‘amagara n‘eby‘obuhangwa (HERO) aha Intaneeti. Hatariho kushwijuma ebicweka by‘ekihandiiko eki, tikirikubaasika kureeba oku enkora ezindi zihikire ahari buri nkozesa. Ebindi ebirikubaasa kukorwa omu kusheenya erangi nibibaasa kutakora nk’ebintu ebirikusheeshasheesha, nk’ebirikukoresibwa kuboneza ebicweka by’ebyoma ebiine omugasho omu ndegye.
Twagamba aha kubura ebihandiiko aharuguru ahabw‘okuba ebibiina ebikwatsirweho okuzibira kwa EPA okurikuteekateekwaho nibiija kwetenga amakuru aga kubaasa kumanya obushoboorozi bw‘eby‘obuhangwa bw‘emiringo endiijo, kukyebera akabi akarikubaasa kubaho omu miringo endiijo ehikire (erikubaasa kureetera ebikorwa by‘okutegyeka TSCA omu biro by‘omumaisho), n‘okutebeekanisa ebiteekateeko by‘abantu. . Nitumanya ngu EPA ya America neegamba aha nshonga nk’ezo “ezindi” omu kiragiro kyayo ekiteirweho eky’okukoresa chrysotile, ekirimu ekigyendererwa kya US EPA eky’okuzibira okukoresa chrysotile omu diaphragms ezirikukoresibwa omu by’obushuubuzi bwa chlor-alkali. EPA neeikiriza ngu “obukoryo obundi obw’okukoresa omu kuhanga ebiriisa ebirimu amabaare g’omuhendo (asbestos) omu kukora chlor-alkali bwine ebiriisa bingi ebirimu ebiriisa bya perfluoroalkyl na polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) kugyeragyeranisa n’omubaro gw’ebintu bya PFAS ebiri omu bihingwa ebirimu amabaare ga asbestos ebitari by’amabaare,” n‘akabi k‘ebintu ebindi.
Okwongyerera aha nshonga z‘okureeberera akabi ezigambirweho ahaiguru, nitwikiriza ngu okushwijuma kw‘ekitongore ky‘okurinda eby‘obuhangwa ekya America aha kabi akarikubaasa kubaho akarikureetwaho dichloromethane kukiriho n‘ebitsigaire bikuru omu mateeka. Nkoku kyagambirweho omu kihandiiko kyaitu ekya Nov. 11, 2022, EPA neeguma neegamba aha kukoresa kwayo ekihandiiko kya 2018 ekiine omutwe “Okukozesa okucondooza okutebeekanisiibwe omu kucondooza aha kabi ka TSCA” (“Ekihandiiko kya SR ekya 2018”) nk‘omusingi gw‘okuta omu nkora obujunaanizibwa bwayo. Ekyetengo nikikozesa ebihandiiko bya sayansi ebirungi ebiriho n‘obuhame bwa sayansi nk‘oku birikworekwa omu kicweka kya 26(h) na (i) ekya TSCA. Nk’eky’okureeberaho, EPA neegira omu biragiro byayo ebiteirweho aha methylene chloride ngu:
EPA neetwara dichloromethane ECEL nk‘erikujwekyera sayansi erikukirayo oburungi eriho ahansi y‘ekicweka kya TSCA 26(h) ahabw‘okuba ekaruga omu makuru agatungirwe kuruga omu kucondooza kwa dichloromethane okwa 2020, okwarugire omu kucondooza okuhikire okwakozirwe omu nkora. ebigyezo kureeba ebizibu byona ebiine akakwate n‘amagara. [ahansi]
Nkoku twahandiikire enyimaho, amatendekyero g’eihanga aga sayansi, eby’obuhangwa n’eby’obujanjabi (NASEM) gakashwijuma ekihandiiko kya SR ekya 2018 ahabw’okushaba kwa EPA kandi gakahendera ngu:
Enkora ya OPPT omu kucondooza okutebekanisiibwe terikworeka gye amazima, [kandi] OPPT eshemerire kugaruka kuteekateeka aha nkora yaayo omu kucondooza okutebeekanisiibwe kandi eteekateekye aha bigambo n‘ebiteiso ebiri omu ripoota egi.
Abashomi nibaijukwa ngu ekicweka kya TSCA 26(h) nikishaba EPA kucwamu kurugiirira aha sayansi erikukirayo oburungi eriho kurugiirira aha bicweka bya TSCA 4, 5, na 6, ebirimu enkora n‘emiringo nk‘okushwijuma okutebeekanisiibwe gye. Okwongyera ahari ekyo, okukozesa kwa EPA ekihandiiko kya SR ekya 2018 omu kucondooza kwayo okwahamuheru okwa dichloromethane nakyo nikireetaho okubanganisa aha kukuratira kwa EPA ebirikwetengyesa omu buhame bwa sayansi ebiteirweho omu kicweka kya 26(i) ekya TSCA, eki EPA erikuta omu kicweka kya “enkora y‘okushwijuma erimu enkora nari manner determini” ahabw‘obuhame. ...”
Ebiragiro bibiri ebyateirweho EPA ahansi y’ekicweka kya TSCA 6(a), ni Chrysotile na Methylene Chloride, bikataho ebiragiro by’ebiragiro bya EPA ebiteirweho eby’okurinda akabi ahabw’emibazi 10 emikuru esigaireho ei EPA erikuteekateeka ngu neereetaho akabi akatari k’oburyo. Ebiteekateeko ebimwe nibikoresibwa omu kucondooza aha kabi akarikuhererukayo. Amakorero agarikukoresa ebintu ebi gaine kwetebeekanisiza okuzibira okurikwija, WCPP, nari okushohozibwa kw’obwire obukye okurikwetengyesa okukuratira WCPP. B&C neehabura ngu abakwatsirweho bashwijume ebiragiro ebiteirweho eby‘okukoresa methylene chloride, n‘obu abashomi baraabe batarikukoresa methylene chloride, kandi bahe ebiteekateeko ebihikire, barikumanya ngu emiringo y‘okureeberera akabi etebekanisiibwe ahabw‘okukoresa methylene chloride neebaasa kuba kimwe aha mitwarize endiijo eya EPA ey‘omumaisho. ebiragiro. Emibazi erimu okushwijuma kw‘akabi okwahamuheru (nk‘eky‘okureeberaho 1-bromopropane, kaboni tetrakoloride, 1,4-dioksan, perkoloretileni na trikoloretileni).
Okwehakana: Ahabw’okugira ngu amakuru aga nigakwata aha bantu boona, amakuru agarikuheebwa aha nigabaasa kutakora omu mbeera zoona, kandi tigaine kukorwaho hatariho buhabuzi bw’ebiragiro oburikurugiirira aha mbeera yaawe.
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