Yiguraho akatabo kaitu aka busha aka email, Watchdog, akarikureeba buri saabiiti aha banyamakuru b'oburingaaniza bw'abantu.
Bwanyima y’okucondooza okwakozirwe ekitongore kya Center for Public Integrity aha kufa kw’abantu ahabw’okukoresa methylene chloride kumara emyaka mingi, ekitongore ky’okurinda eby’obuhangwa omuri America omu mwaka gwa 2019 kikazibira okuguza abaguzi ebikwato ebirikusharaho erangi ebirimu ekirungo eki, kandi abanyabuzaare b’abahikirweho akabi n’abarikurwanirira eby’okwerinda nibagumizamu kutandikaho kampeyini y’abantu . Ekitongore ky'okurinda eby'obuhangwa kiriyo nikikora eki.
Yiguraho akatabo kaitu aka Watchdog aka busha aka buri saabiiti kutunga amakuru g‘obutaikirizana kuruga omu bibiina by‘abantu.
Omukago ogu nigushaba ebindi: abakozi, nibagira ngu tibarikurinwa oburemeezi bukye. Okufa okurikukirayo ahabw‘okukwatwa omubazi gwa methylene chloride nikubaho aha mirimo. Ebintu ebirikuihaho erangi ti byonka ahu orikubaasa kubishanga.
Hati ekitongore ky’okurinda eby’obuhangwa nikiteekateeka kwihaho okukoresa okurikukirayo okwa methylene chloride—ebimwe ebirikurugaho nibiguma nibikora, kwonka ni bikye munonga.
“Nshobeirwe kakye, noomanya?” Murumuna wa Brian Wynn ow'emyaka 31, Drew, akafa omu mwaka gwa 2017 obwo arikwiha erangi omu firiigi ya kampuni egi ey'okutamburamu. Wynn omukubanza akateekateeka ngu ekikorwa kya EPA ekya 2019 aha barikuteera erangi “nikyo kiraabe kiri hare munonga eki turikubaasa kuza—tukabugana ekibumbe ky’amatafaari eky’abashagiki abarikuheebwa sente n’ekibiina kya Congress ekyashashuriirwe kuremesa abantu nk’aba.” nkaitwe kandi bakahamya ngu amagoba gaabo gakabanza n’obukuumi.” “ .
Ekiragiro ekiteirweho nikiija kuzibira okukozesa methylene chloride omu bintu byona ebi abantu barikukoresa n’“ebintu ebingi ebirikukoresibwa omu makorero n’omu by’obushuubuzi,” ekitongore eki nikwo kyagambire omu kihandiiko kyakyo wiiki ehweire.
Ekitongore ky'eby'obuhangwa kyagira ngu kiine amatsiko ngu ekiragiro eki nikiija kutandika kukora omu kwezi kwa munaana 2024. Ebiragiro bya gavumenti eya Federo biine kuraba omu nkora etebekanisiibwe erikuha abantu omugisha gw'okuhindura aha biraarugyemu aha muheru.
Omubazi ogu, ogurikumanyirwa nka methylene chloride, nigushangwa aha bitanda by’ebintu nk’ebintu ebirikusheesha amajuta n’ebintu ebirikuboneza oburashi ebirikukoresibwa omu rangi n’ebintu ebirikujwara. Nikikoresibwa omu bikwato by’okuhamya n’okukingaho eby’obushuubuzi. Abarikubikora nibabikoresa kukora emibazi endiijo.
Ekitongore eki nikigira ngu abantu 85 nibo bafiire ahabw'okukwatwa omubazi gwa methylene chloride omu bwangu kuruga 1980, otwariremu n'abakozi abatungire okutendekwa omu by'okwerinda n'ebintu by'okwerinda.
Omubaro ogwo niguruga omu kucondooza okwakozirwe omu mwaka gwa 2021 okwakozirwe OSHA hamwe na University ya California, San Francisco, okwabara omubaro gw'abantu abafiire hati kurugiirira aha kubara kw'okubanza okwa Public Integrity. Omubaro ogu haihi n’okukyebera ahabw’okuba gumwe aha miringo ei methylene chloride erikwitamu abantu n’okureetera endwara z’omutima n’emitsi, ezirikureebeka nk’okufa ahabw’ebintu by’obuhangwa okwihaho omuntu yaaba ayeteekateekire kukora okucondooza aha by’obutwa.
Nate Bradford Jr. nakora okurinda eby’obuhingi by’Abajungu. Sizoni egi eya Heist neegamba aha kurwana kwe okuhona aha byafaayo bya gavumenti eby’okushoroora abahingi abajungu. Subscribe kutunga amakuru g'enyima y'emizaano n'okumanyisibwa ebicweka bisya byashohora.
Okurugirira aha kitongore ky’okurinda eby’obuhangwa (EPA), omubazi ogu nagwo gureetsireho “obuzibu bw’amaani kandi obw’obwire buraingwa” nk’okukwatwa ekookoro omu bantu abaine omubazi ogu, kwonka ti aha rurengo rw’okufa.
Ekitongore ekyo kikahandiika omu kiragiro ekyabaire nikiteekateekwaho ngu kiti: “Akabi akari omu kunywa ekiriisa kya methylene chloride nikamanyirwa gye.”
Okucondooza okwakozirwe omu 2015 okwa Public Integrity kukashanga ngu emigisha y‘okutaaha omu nshonga z‘okukiza amagara ekaba neebura emirundi mingi kuruga omu myaka ya 1970. Beitu abantu baingi bakafa bwanyima y'ekitongore ky'eby'obuhangwa kubanza kureetaho ekiragiro eki omu Kwamwenda 2017, bwanyima y'obutegyeki bwa Obama, kandi obutegyeki bwa Trump bukakyerererwa ekiteiso eki kuhisya obu kyagyemeserezibwa kukora.
Liz Hitchcock, orikukurira ekitongore ky'emibazi y'okurinda amaka againe amagara marungi, enteekateeka ya gavumenti y'eihanga ahabw'ebiro by'omumaisho ebitarimu obutwa, n'omwe aha bakozire kumara emyaka mingi kumaraho okucwekyereza okurikureetwaho methylene chloride. Yasiima okurangirira kw’okuzibira oku nk’ekiro ky’obwire buraingwa.
Akagira ati: “Nambwenu, abantu nibafa ahabw’okukoresa emibazi egi.” "Abantu ku barikukozesa emibazi egi, abantu abari haihi nibarwara kandi n'abantu batunga endwara ezitarikukira ahabw'okukozesa emibazi egi. Nitwenda kureeba ngu twarinda abantu baingi nk'oku kirikubaasika."
Kwonka akashemererwa kuhurira ngu ekitongore ky'eby'obuhangwa nikiteekateeka ngu ekiragiro eki tikirikwija kuhendera kumara ameezi agandi 15.
Lauren Atkins, ou mutabani we Joshua ow'emyaka 31 yaafa omu mwaka gwa 2018 bwanyima y'okukozesa ekikwato ky'okusiiga erangi ku piki ye eya BMX, aine okwerarikirira ngu okugikozesa tikurikwija kuzibirwa. Akashaasha munonga kureeba ebiina ebi omu karango.
Atkins akagira ati: “Nkaba ndi haihi kuruga omu ngatto zangye kuhitsya obu naaheza kushoma ekitabo kyona, reero bwanyima nkahurira nyine obusaasi bwingi.” Bwanyima y’okufa kwa mutabani we, ekigyendererwa kye kikaba kiri okuiha methylene chloride omu katare kugira ngu etaita. ondiijo muntu weena. “Nkafeerwa mutabani wangye, kwonka mutabani wangye akafeerwa buri kimwe.”
Ekitongore ky'okurinda eby'obuhangwa nikigira ngu okukozesa omubazi ogu omukukora emibazi tikuri omu biragiro bya Toxic Substances Control Act, n'ahabw'ekyo tigurikuzibirwa omu biragiro ebiteirweho. Ekitongore eki kyagira ngu abakozi abarikugumizamu nibakoresa omubazi gwa methylene chloride omu mirimo endiijo erikwikirizibwa ahansi y’ekiteekateeko eki nibaija kurindwa “Puroguraamu ensya ey’okurinda emibazi y’okukoresa omu mirimo n’obugarukiro bw’okugikoresa.” Methylene chloride neebaasa kwita abantu obucupa bwaba nibwerundaana omu myanya ekingire.
Enkozesa ezimwe ez’omuhendo niziija kuguma omu bikwatiraine n’okushoroora oku, otwariiremu emirimo “ey’omugasho” nari “ey’omugasho munonga omu by’okwerinda” erikukorwa amahe, NASA, Federal Aviation Administration, n’abakozi baabo; okukoresa omu bishengye by’okukyebereramu; US na kampuni ezirikugikozesa nk'ekintu ekirikukyebera nari ezirikugikora ahabw'ebigyendererwa ebirikwikirizibwa, ekitongore ky'okurinda eby'obuhangwa kyagira.
Oyihireho ebitongore bya gavumenti, methylene chloride terikushangwa omu bikwato ebirikuteera erangi. Ekintu eki nikyo kirikukira kureetera abakozi abarikugaruza busya ebibaafu ebikuzire omu maka n’omu bishengye by’abantu kufa.
Kandi methylene chloride terikwija kugaruka kwikirizibwa kukoresibwa omu by’obushuubuzi n’omu makorero okusheenya amajuta g’omuriro, okuihaho ebikwato ebirikuhamya, okuheza emyenda, okusiiga amajuta g’amaizi, okusiiga amajuta g’okushemererwa n’orunyiriri ruraingwa rw’ebindi ebirikukoresibwa.
“Obwahati, abantu nka 845,000 nibakwatwaho obutwa bwa methylene chloride omu mirimo,” ekitongore ky’okurinda eby’obuhangwa kyagira omu kihandiiko. “Ahansi y’ekiteekateeko kya EPA, abakozi abatarikuhika 10,000 nibateekateekwaho kugumizamu nibakoresa methylene chloride kandi bakaza omu puroguraamu ezirikwetengyesa z’okwerinda emibazi omu mwanya gw’okukoreramu kuruga omu kabi akataine nshonga.”
Dr. Robert Harrison, omuhangu omu by’obujanjabi bw’emirimo n’eby’obuhangwa aha yunivasite ya California, San Francisco, atwire nakora aha nshonga y’okukoresa omubazi ogurikwetwa methylene chloride kumara emyaka nka ikumi. Yagira ngu ekitongore ky'okurinda eby'obuhangwa nikikuratira ekiteiso ky'okugyezaho kugyeragyeranisa oburinzi n'eby'entaasya n'okwerinda kw'eihanga, kandi yashanga ngu obuhango bw'okuzibira oku nibugaruramu amaani.
"Ninteekateeka ngu obu n'obusinguzi. Obu n'obusinguzi bw'abakozi," Harrison, owaabaire ari omu kucondooza okwakozirwe omu mwaka gwa 2021 aha kufa okurikureetwaho emibazi, nikwo arikugira. “Eki nikiha eky’okureeberaho kirungi munonga eky’okucwamu n’okutaho emisingye erikwegamira ahari sayansi erikureebwa gye... Twine kwihaho emibazi egi ey’obutwa turikukunda emiringo endiijo erimu oburinzi erikukora kubi okukira okurungi.”
Noobaasa kuteekateeka ngu emibazi teshemerire kuguzibwa omu katare okwihaho yashangwa ngu teine ​​kabi koona. Kwonka tikwo enkora ya America erikukora.
Okwerarikiriira aha bukuumi bw’emibazi kukareetera Congress kureetaho ekiragiro ky’okurinda obutwa omu mwaka gwa 1976, ekyateireho ebiragiro ebimwe aha mibazi. Kwonka enkora ezi nizireebeka munonga nk’ezitaine maani, ekirikureetera ekitongore ky’okurinda eby’obuhangwa kutagira obushoboorozi bw’okukora okushwijuma kw’obukuumi okuhango. Ekitabo Federal Inventory, ekyashohoziibwe omu 1982, nikihandiika emibazi nka 62,000, kandi omubaro ogwo nigugumizamu nigweyongyera.
Omu mwaka gwa 2016, Congress ekahindura omu TSCA kuha obushoboorozi ekitongore ky’okurinda eby’obuhangwa kukora okucondooza aha kabi k’emibazi. Methylene chloride nikyo kizibu ky’okubanza eki ekitongore eki kyashoboorora.
“Nikyo turiyo nitugyezaho kuhindura omu TSCA,” Hitchcock nikwo arikugira, owaagambire na ofiisi z’eishengyero okucondooza aha bwesigwa bw’abantu omu bwire obwo nk’eby’okureeberaho bikuru eby’okutagira eki baakora ebirikureeta okufa.
Eidara erikukurataho omu ntebeekanisa y'okuzibira methylene chloride niriija kuba ebiro 60 eby'abantu kuha ebiteekateeko byabo. Abantu nibaija kubaasa kugira eki baagamba aha nshonga za EPA, kandi abarikurwanirira eby'okwerinda bariyo nibeeteerana aha nshonga egi.
“Eri n’eidaara rihango omuby’amagara g’abantu, kwonka tiririho ebizibu byaryo,” Hitchcock nikwo agizire. Akaba naayenda kureeba ebigambo “ebirikushaba ekitongore ky’okurinda eby’obuhangwa kutaho ebiragiro ebigumire munonga.”
Harrison akagira ngu okutegyeka emibazi omuri Amerika kukaba nikugyenda omu maisho mpora munonga kuhitsya obu ebicu byatandikire kugisinga. Kwonka nareeba entunguuka kuruga obu TSCA yaahindura omu 2016. Ekiragiro kisya ekirikukwata aha methylene chloride nikimuha amatsiko.
“Hariho emibazi endiijo mingi erikubaasa kukuratira ensharamu ya America aha methylene chloride,” nikwo agizire.
Public Integrity teine ​​paywall kandi terikwikiriza okuranga n’ahabw’ekyo eby’amakuru byaitu eby’okucondooza nibibaasa kugira eki byakora aha kushoboorora obutaikirizana omuri America. Omurimo gwaitu nigubaasika ahabw’obushagiki bw’abantu nkaimwe.
Jamie Smith Hopkins n'omuhandiiki kandi omunyamakuru mukuru omukitongore ky'oburingaaniza bw'abantu. Omu murimo gwe harimu n’ebindi ebyakozirwe Jamie Smith Hopkins.
Ekitongore kya Centre for Public Integrity n’ekitongore ky’amakuru ekitarikukorera sente ekirikucondooza aha butaikirizana omuri America. Titurikwikiriza ebirango nari kushashura abantu kushoma ebi turikukora.
       Ekihandiiko ekiakabanza kureebeka omu 1914.Ekitongore ky'oburingaaniza bw'abantukandi ekagaruka yashohozibwa ahansi y’orusa rwa Creative Commons.