Ekihandiiko eki kishwijumirwe kurugiirira aha nkora n’ebiragiro bya Science X eby’okuhandiika. Abahandiiki bakahamya emitwarize egi obwo barikuhamya oburingaaniza bw’ebirimu:
Ekicweka ky’aheeru ekirikukwatira hamwe eky’ebizimba n’obukooko, ekirikwetwa “extracellular matrix” nari ECM, kiine obutafaari oburikushushana n’eky’omubiri kandi nikikora nk’ekicweka ky’okwerinda n’ekigogo. Kwonka kurugiirira aha kucondooza okuherize kushohozibwa omu katabo aka iScience, okwakozirwe Yunivasite ya Massachusetts Amherst omu kukwatanisa na Worcester Polytechnic Institute, ECM y’obukooko obumwe neekora ekirungo kya gel (gel) kyaba kirimu oxalic acid nari asidi ezindi ezoorobi zonka. 1449240174198-2′); });
Ahabw‘okugira ngu ECM neekora omurimo muhango omu buri kimwe kuruga aha kuhakanisa emibazi y‘okurwanisa obukooko kuhika aha mipiira erikuzibirwa n‘okushiisha eby‘okukoresa omu by‘obujanjabi, okwetegyereza oku obukooko obukye burikukora aha nkora yaabo y‘okuhamya ebiriisa by‘omubiri (sticky gel layers) kwine ebirugiremu bingi omu magara gaitu ga buriijo.
Barry Goodell, omuhangu omu by’obuhangwa obukye munonga aha Yunivasite ya Massachusetts Amherst kandi omuhandiiki mukuru w’orupapura oru akagira ati: “Ntwire ninkunda munonga ECMs ezirimu obukooko obukye munonga.” "Abantu nibakira kuteekateeka ngu ECM n'ekicweka ky'aheeru ekitarikukora ekirikurinda obukooko obukye. Kwonka nikibaasa n'okukora nk'omuhanda ogurikubaasisa ebiriisa n'enzigye kutaaha n'okuruga omu butafaari bw'obukooko obukye."
Ekijwaro eki nikikora emirimo mingi: okuhamira kwakyo nikimanyisa ngu obukooko obukye buri omwe nibubaasa kweteerana hamwe kuhanga amakoloni nari “biofilms”, kandi obukooko obukye oburikumara bwakora eki, nibubaasa kuzibira emipiira nari kushiisha eby’okukoresa omu by’obujanjabi.
Kwonka ekigogo nakyo kiine kuba nikibaasa kurabamu amaizi. Obukoko obukye bwingi nibusheesha enzymes zitari zimwe na zimwe n’ebindi ebirikuhindura ebiriisa kurabira omu ECM omu kintu eki burikwenda kurya nari okukwatwa (nk’ebiti ebirikuvunda nari enyama z’omugongo), reero, enzymes ku zirikuheza omurimo gwazo gw’okugabura, nizitwara ebiriisa kurabira omu ECM. ekirungo ekyo nikigaruka omu mubiri. omubiri gw’aheeru y’obutafaari.
Eki nikimanyisa ngu ECM ti n’ekicweka ky’okwerinda ekitaine amaani kyonka; Omu mazima, nk’oku Goodell na bagyenzi be baayorekire, obukooko obukye nibureebeka nk’obuine obushoboorozi bw’okutegyeka okuhamira kwa ECM yaabo n’ahabw’ekyo okubaasa kuraba omu maizi. Nibakikora bata? Ekishushani: B. Goodell
Omu bihimba, ebirikuruga omu bihimba nibireebeka nk’ebirikwetwa oxalic acid, asidi erikukira kushangwa omu bimera bingi omu buhangwa. Nk’oku Goodell na bagyenzi be baazoora, obukooko bwingi nibushusha ngu nibukoresa oxalic acid ei burikusheesha kukwatira hamwe n’ekicweka ky’aheeru ky’ebiriisa ebirimu ebiriisa, bukakora ECM erikukwatira hamwe kandi eri nk’ekirungo kya gel.
Kwonka ekibiina eki ku kyareebire gye, bakashanga ngu oxalic acid terikuhwera omu kureetaho ECM yonka, kureka “neegitebeekanisa”: oxalic acid oku obukooko obukye bwabaire nibweyongyera omu ntaburwa ya carbohydrate-acid, nikwo ECM erikweyongyera kuba ey’omubiri. ECM ku erikweyongyera kuba ey’omubiri, nikwo erikweyongyera kuzibira molekyu empango kutaaha nari kuruga omu kakoko, kandi molekyu nkye niziguma ziine obugabe kutaaha omu kakoko kuruga omu by’obuhangwa n’ekindi.
Okuzoora oku nikuhakanisa okwetegyereza kwa sayansi okw’obuhangwa oku emiringo etari emwe n’emwe y’ebirungo ebirikuruga omu bihimba n’obukooko obukye buzima birikuruga omu bihingwa ebi bikye kuza omu by’obuhangwa. Goodell na bagyenzi be bakagira ngu omu mbeera ezimwe obukooko obukye nibubaasa kwesiga munonga okushohoza obucweka bukye munonga kubaasa kutaahirira omubiri nari omubiri ogu obukooko oburikwesiga kubaasa kugumaho nari kukwatwa endwara.
Eki nikimanyisa ngu okushohoza obucweka bukye nakwo nikubaasa kukora kihango omu kureetaho endwara enzymes empango zaaba zitarikubaasa kuraba omu nkora y‘obutafaari obukye oburikwetwa microbial extracellular matrix.
Goodell akagira ati: “Nikireebeka ngu hariho omwanya gwa rwagati ahu obukooko obukye burikubaasa kutegyeka asidi kubaasa kumanyiira embeera emwe, bukaguma nibugumaho obumwe aha molekyu empango, nk’enzigye, obwo burikwikiriza obukooko obukye kuraba omu ECM omu muringo gworobi.
Okuhindura ECM ahabwa oxalic acid nikibaasa kuba omuringo gw’obukooko obukye kwerinda obukooko oburikurwanisa obukooko n’obukooko oburikurwanisa obukooko obukye, ahabw’okuba bingi aha by’emibazi egi birimu obukooko bwingi munonga. Obushoboorozi obu obw‘okukora ebintu nk‘oku orikwenda nibwo burikubaasa kuba ekishumuruzo ky‘okusingura kimwe aha bizibu ebikuru omu kujanjaba obukooko oburikureeta endwara, nk‘oku okuhindura ECM kugihindura erikubaasa kuraba gye nikibaasa kutunguura oburungi bw‘emibazi y‘okurwanisa obukooko n‘obukooko oburikureeta endwara.
“Ku turaabe nitubaasa kutegyeka biosynthesis n’okushohoza asidi nkye nka oxalate omu bukooko obumwe, nitubaasa n’okutegyeka ebirikutaaha omu bukooko obukye, ekirikubaasa kutubaasisa kujanjaba gye endwara nyingi ezirikureetwa obukooko obukye,” Goodell nikwo arikugira.
Ebindi: Gabriel Perez-Gonzalez na bagyenzi be, Enkoragana y‘ebicweka by‘omubiri ebirikwetwa oxalates na beta-glucan: ebirikurugamu aha nkora y‘okusheeshasheesha n‘okutwara eby‘okurya ebirimu ebiriisa, iScience (2023). DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106851
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