Kawanishi, Japan, Nov. 15, 2022 /PRNewswire/ — Enshonga z’eby’obuhangwa nk’empindahinduka y’obwire, okuhwaho kw’ebintu by’obuhangwa, okuhwaho kw’ebika by’ebihangirwe, okushiisha obuveera hamwe n’okutema ebibira nizeyongyera omu nsi yoona ahabw’okutunguuka kw’abantu.
Kabonidayoksayidi (CO2) ni omuyaga gw'ekibira kandi gumwe ahabiretera empindahinduka y'obwire. Omu nshonga egi, omuringo ogurikumanyirwa nka “okukora eby’okurya by’obuhangwa (CO2 photoreduction)” nigubaasa kureetaho eby’okurya by’ebihangwa eby’amajuta n’emibazi kuruga omu CO2, amaizi n’amaani g’eizooba, nk’oku ebimera birikukora. Omu bwire nibwo bumwe, nizikyendeeza n’okushohoza CO2, ahabw’okuba CO2 neekoresibwa nk’eby’okurya by’okukora amaani n’ebintu by’emibazi. N’ahabw’ekyo, okukora eby’okurya by’omushana (artificial photosynthesis) nikutwarwa nk’emwe aha miringo y’okurinda ebiriisa.
MOFs (Metal Organic Frameworks) n‘ebintu ebiine obuhuta bw‘ahaiguru munonga ebirimu ebirundo by‘ebyoma ebitari by‘obuhangwa n‘ebintu ebirikukwatanisa eby‘obuhangwa. Nibibaasa kutegyekwa aha rurengo rwa molekyu omu nkora ya nanometer kandi biine omwanya muhango aha mutwe. Ahabw’ebintu ebi, MOFs nizibaasa kukoresibwa omu kubiika gaasi, okwahukana, okutwara eby’ekyoma, okuhindura, okuhitsya emibazi, okushemeza amaizi, okumanyisa, okumanyisa, okushwijuma, n’ebindi.Ebiro ebi, MOFs zishangirwe ziine obushoboorozi bw’okukwata CO2 oburikubaasa kuhindurwa CO2, nikwo kugira ngu, photothesis.
Obutonyezi bwa quantum, aha rubaju orundi, n’ebintu ebikye munonga (0.5–9 nm) ebiine emitwarize y’okureeba erikuhikaana n’ebiragiro bya quantum chemistry n’eby’obuhangwa. Nibyetwa “atomu z’obuhangwa nari molekyu z’obuhangwa” ahabw’okuba buri katondo ka quantum karimu atomu nari molekyu nkye nari enkumi nkye zonka. Omu nkora y’obuhango obu, emihendo y’amaani g’ebicweka by’omubiri (electrons) terikugumizamu kandi neetaanisa ahabw’ekintu ky’omubiri ekirikumanyirwa nka quantum confinement effect. Omu muringo ogu, oburaingwa bw’omushana ogurikuruga omu mushana nibuija kurugiirira aha bugabe bw’obutonyezi bwa quantum. Obutonyezi obu bwa quantum nibubaasa n’okukoresibwa omu kuhanga eby’obuhangwa ahabw’obushoboorozi bwabwo bw’okunywa omushana bwingi, obushoboorozi bw’okureetaho exciton nyingi n’omwanya muhango gw’ahaiguru.
MOFs zombi n’obutonyezi bwa quantum zikozirwe ahansi y’omukago gwa sayansi y’ebishaka. Enyima, bakakoresa gye ebintu bya MOF quantum dot composite kureetaho formic acid nk’ekintu ky’omutaano ekirikuhwera omu kuhanga eby’okurya ebikozirwe abantu. Kwonka ebirungo ebi biri omu muringo gw’obucupa kandi ebirungo ebi biine kurundaanwa omu kushenyuka omu buri nkora. Nahabwekyo, ahabwokuba emiringo egi terikugumizamu, nikigumire kugikozesa omu nkora y’amakorero.
Omukugarukamu, Mr. Tetsuro Kajino, Mr. Hirohisa Iwabayashi, na Dr. ekirikubaasa kukora obutoosha omu mirimo y‘amakorero erikukoresibwa. Bwanyima y’okuhendera omuringo gw’okukora eby’okurya by’obuhangwa, amaizi agarimu formic acid nigabaasa kwihwaho kugarurwamu, kandi amaizi masya marungi nigabaasa kugaruka omu kiibo kugumizamu kugaruka kukora eby’okurya by’obuhangwa.
Formic acid neebaasa kuza omu mwanya gw’amajuta g’amaizi. Emwe aha nshonga nkuru ezirikuremesa okujanjaara kw’ekibiina kya haidrojeni omu nsi yoona n’okugira ngu haidrojeni n’atomu nkye munonga omu nsi yoona, n’ahabw’ekyo kigumire kugibiika, kandi okukora tanka ya haidrojeni erimu ekikorwa ky’okukinga munonga nikiija kutwara esente nyingi munonga. Okwongyera ahari ekyo, omuyaga gwa haidrojeni nigubaasa kuturika kandi gureete akabi aha bukuumi. Ahabw’okugira ngu formic acid n’amaizi, kyorobi kubiika nk’amajuta. Ku kiraabe nikyetengyesa, formic acid neebaasa kukoresibwa kureetaho okukora kwa haidrojeni omu mwanya. Okwongyera ahari ekyo, formic acid neebaasa kukoresibwa nk’ekintu ekikuru omu kuhanga emibazi etari emwe n’emwe.
N’obu oburungi bw’okukora eby’okurya ebikozirwe abantu buraabe buri bukye, ekibiina kya Green Science Alliance nikiija kugumizamu nikirwanirira okutunguuka omu burungi kubaasa kutaho enkora z’okukora eby’okurya ebikozirwe abantu.