Ekihandiiko eki kishwijumirwe kurugiirira aha nkora n’ebiragiro bya Science X eby’okuhandiika. Abahandiiki bakahamya emitwarize egi obwo barikuhamya oburingaaniza bw’ebirimu:
Kabonidayoksayidi (CO2) n'ekintu kikuru omu magara omunsi kandi n'omwika gw'ekibira ogurikuretera okutagata kw'ensi. Obunaku obu, abanyasayansi nibeega aha mwanya ogurikwetwa carbon dioxide nk’ekintu ekirikuha amatsiko g’okukora amajuta agarikugarukaho, agatarimu kaboni nkye n’ebintu by’omuhendo gw’ahaiguru.
Ekizibu ky’abacondoozi n’okusherura emiringo mirungi kandi etarikutwara sente nyingi ey’okuhindura omuyaga gwa kaboni kuba ebintu by’omutindo gw’ahaiguru nk’omuyaga gwa kaboni, methanol nari formic acid.
Ekibiina ky’okucondooza ekirikwebemberwa K. K. Neuerlin ow’ekitongore ky’eby’amashanyarazi eky’eihanga (NREL) n’abakozi baabo omu kitongore ky’okucondooza ekya Argonne hamwe na Oak Ridge bashangire omuhanda gw’okushoboorora ekizibu eki ogurikuraganisa. Ekibiina eki kikataho omuringo gw’okuhindura kubaasa kureetaho formic acid kuruga omu carbon dioxide barikukoresa amashanyarazi agarikugarukaho n’amaani maingi kandi agarikuhangaara.
Okucondooza oku, okwabaire kwine omutwe “Eby’okuteerana eby’amashanyarazi ebirikubaasa kuhindurwa omu muringo murungi eby’amashanyarazi ebirikwetwa carbon dioxide kuba formic acid,” kukashohozibwa omu katabo aka Nature Communications.
Formic acid n’ekintu ekirikubaasa kuba eky’omugati ky’eby’emibazi ekiine emiringo mingi y’okukoresa, namunonga nk’ekintu ekikuru omu by’emibazi nari eby’ebihangirwe. Formic acid nayo emanyirwe nk’ekintu ekirikukoresibwa omu kuhindura amajuta g’enyonyi agashemeire.
Okuhindura CO2 omu mashanyarazi nikirugamu okukyendeeza kwa CO2 kuhika aha bintu by’omugati by’eby’obuhangwa nka formic acid nari molecules nka ethylene obu amaani g’amashanyarazi garikuteebwa aha cell y’amashanyarazi.
Ekibiina ky’amashanyarazi (MEA) omu nkora y’amashanyarazi omu muringo gw’omutaano kirimu ekicweka ekirikutwara ion (cation nari anion exchange membrane) ekiteirwe ahagati y’ebicweka bibiri ebirimu amashanyarazi n’ekintu ekirikutwara ion.
Okukozesa obukugu bwa tiimu omu bya tekinologiya y’amajuta n’okukoresa amashanyarazi g’amaizi, bakacondooza aha nkora za MEA nyingi omu butafaari bw’amashanyarazi kugyeragyeranisa okukyendeeza kw’amashanyarazi kwa CO2 na formic acid.
Okurugirira aha kuremwa kweshwijuma kw’enkora zitari zimwe na zimwe, ekibiina kikaba nikigyezaho kukoresa oburemeezi bw’ebintu ebiriho, namunonga okubura okwangwa kwa ion omu nkora y’okuhindura anion eriho hati, n’okwanguhiza enteekateeka y’enkora yoona.
Okucondooza okwakozirwe KS Neierlin na Leiming Hu owa NREL kukaba kuri ekikwato ky’amashanyarazi ekya MEA ekiboneire barikukoresa ekicweka kisya ky’okuhindura kation ekirimu ebitobo. Ekicweka eki ekirimu ebitobo nikiha okukora kwa formic acid okutarimu kuhinduka, okutoorainwe munonga kandi kworobya okukora orikukoresa ebicweka ebitari aha rubaju.
“Ebyarugamu omu kucondooza oku nibijwekyera okuhinduka kw’omuringo gw’okukora ebiriisa by’omubiri nk’ebiriisa bya formic acid,” nikwo omuhandiiki omwe Neierlin yaagizire. “Ekicweka ky’omubiri ekirimu ebitobo nikikyendeeza aha kugumizamu kw’ebintu ebyabaire bikozirwe ira kandi nikibaasa n’okukoresibwa kutunguura okukoresa gye amaani n’okugumaho kw’ebindi bikoreso ebirikuhindura omuyaga gw’amashanyarazi.”
Nk‘oku kiri aha kutunguuka kwona okwa sayansi, ni kikuru kwetegyereza enshonga z‘esente n‘okubaasa kw‘eby‘entasya. Okukora omu bitongore byona, abacondoozi ba NREL Zhe Huang na Tao Ling bakahayo okucondooza kwa tekinologiya n’eby’entaasya barikworeka emiringo y’okuhikiiriza esente ezirikushushana n’emiringo y’okukora formic acid ey’amakorero eya hati obu esente z’amashanyarazi ezirikugarukaho ziri aha sente 2.3 nari ahansi ya kilowatt-hour.
“Ekibiina eki kitungire ebyarugamu ebi barikukoresa ebikwato ebirikushangwa omu katare n’ebintu bya polymer membrane, obwo barikukora enteekateeka ya MEA erikwejunisa omugisha gw’okutunguuka kw’amajuta g’omurembe n’ebyoma by’okukoresa amashanyarazi g’amaizi,” Neierlin nikwo arikugira.
“Ebyarugire omu kucondooza oku nibibaasa kuhwera omu kuhindura omuyaga gwa carbon dioxide kuba amajuta n’emibazi barikukoresa amashanyarazi n’amaizi agarikugarukaho, kiyanguhize okuhindura omu nkora y’okutunguura n’okuguza.”
Tekinologiya y’okuhindura amashanyarazi n’ekintu kikuru omu puroguraamu ya NREL eya Electrons to Molecules, erikuta omutima aha nkora y’okugarukaho ey’omurembe ogurikukurataho, amajuta ga zero, emibazi n’ebintu by’okukoresa omu miringo erikukoresibwa amashanyarazi.
“Puroguraamu yaitu neecondooza emiringo y’okukoresa amashanyarazi agarikugarukaho kuhindura molekyu nka carbon dioxide n’amaizi kuba ebirungo ebirikubaasa kukora nk’enshonga z’amaani,” Randy Cortright, orikukurira enkora ya NREL ey’okuhingisa amashanyarazi n’/nari ebirikubanza omu kukora amajuta nikwo arikugira. nari emibazi.”
“Okucondooza oku okurikukwata aha kuhindura amashanyarazi nikuha okumanya okurikubaasa kukoresibwa omu miringo etari emwe n’emwe ey’okuhindura amashanyarazi, kandi nituteekateeka aha birugire omu guruupu egi ebirikutuha amatsiko.”
Ebindi ebirikukwataho: Leiming Hu et al., Enkora y‘okuteerana eby‘amashanyarazi ebirikubaasa kugyezesibwa ahabw‘okuhindura gye CO2 omu asidi y‘amashanyarazi, Eby‘empurizana by‘obuhangwa (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43409-6.
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