Eby’obuhangwa nibibaho okwehinguririize obwire bwona—nikireebeka gye waakiteekateekaho, kwonka ni bangahi omuriitwe abarikukikora twatandika emotoka, twateeka eihuri, nari twateeka obujuma omu kishaka kyaitu?
Omuhangu omu by’obuhangwa Richard Kong atwire nateekateeka aha ku emibazi erikukora. Omu murimo gwe nka “omuhangu omu by’amakuru”, nk’oku we wenka arikukigamba, tarikufayo aha kugarukamu okurikubaho omuriwe kwonka, kureka n’okureetaho ebisya.
Nk’omuhwezi wa Klarman omu bya Chemistry na Chemical Biology aha College of Arts and Sciences, Kong naakora aha kuhangaho ebikwato ebirikureetaho okuhinduka kw’eby’obuhangwa kuhika aha birugiremu ebirikwetengyesa, kuhangaho ebintu ebiine oburinzi nangwa n’eby’omuhendo, otwariiremu n’ebirikubaasa kugira eki byakora aha muntu. amagara. Orwakashatu.
“Eby’obuhangwa bingi nibibaho hatariho kuhwerwa,” Kong nikwo yaagizire, arikumanyisa okushohoza omuyaga gwa carbon dioxide emotoka zaaba nizotsya amajuta g’ebishaka. "Kwonka ebikorwa by'emibazi ebigumire kandi ebigumire tibirikubaho kyonka. Aha niho emibazi y'okuhindura ebintu erikwija omu nkora."
Kong na bagyenzi be bakakora ekintu ekirikureetaho okuhabura oku baabaire nibenda kugarukamu, kandi kikabaho. Nk’eky’okureeberaho, omuyaga gwa kaboni nigubaasa kuhindurwa formic acid, methanol, nari formaldehyde orikutoorana ekirungo ekihikire kandi okagyezaho embeera z’okugarukamu.
Enkora ya Kong neehikaana gye n’enkora ya Lancaster “erikwegamira aha kuzoora” Kyle Lancaster, omuhangu omu by’obuhangwa n’eby’obuhangwa (A&S) kandi omushomesa wa Kong nikwo arikugira. “Richard akaba aine ekiteekateeko ky’okukozesa etini kutunguura eby’obuhangwa bye, ekyabaire kitakabahoga omu script yangye,” Lancaster nikwo arikugira. “N’ekintu ekirikureetaho okuhindura omuyaga ogurikwetwa carbon dioxide omu muringo gw’okutooranamu kuba ekintu ky’omuhendo munonga, kandi carbon dioxide neetunga okuhandiikwa kubi kwingi.”
Kong n’abarikukora nawe juba bakazoora enkora erikubaasa kuhindura omuyaga ogurikwetwa carbon dioxide kuba formic acid, omu mbeera ezimwe.
“N’obu turaabe obwahati tutari haihi n’okugarukamu kw’omurembe, enkora yaitu neebaasa kuhindurwa munonga,” Kong nikwo arikugira. "Nahabwekyo turabaasa kutandika kwetegyereza munonga ahabwenki ebimwe ebirikukora juba kukira ebindi, ahabwenki ebimwe ebirikureetaho okuhinduka biri birungi omu buhangwa. Turabaasa kuhindura omu nkora y'ebirikureetaho ebintu kandi tugyezeho kwetegyereza ekirikureetera ebintu ebi kukora juba, ahabw'okuba oku birikukora juba, nikwo birikukora gye - orabaasa kuhanga molekyu juba."
Nk’omuhwezi wa Klarman, Kong nawe ariyo nakora kuhindura nitrates, obutwa oburikukirayo oburikusheesheka omu mihanda y’amaizi, kuruga omu by’obuhangwa bukahinduka ekintu ekitaine kabi koona, nikwo arikugira.
Kong akagyezaho ebyoma by’omu nsi ebirikukira kukozesebwa nka aluminium na tin nk’ebirikureetaho okuteerana. Ebyoma ebi n’eby’obuguzi bukye, tibiine butwa kandi biri bingi omu itaka, n’ahabw’ekyo okubikozesa tikirikwija kureetaho enshonga z’okugumizamu, nikwo agizire.
“Nituteekateeka n’oku turikubaasa kukora ebikwato ebirikureetaho okuhinduka ahu ebyoma bibiri ahari ebi birikukoragana,” Kong nikwo arikugira. “Twakoresa ebyoma bibiri omu nkora, ni miringo ki y’okugarukamu n’ebibuuzo ebirikushemeza ebi turikubaasa kutunga kuruga omu nkora z’ebyoma bibiri?” “okugarukamu kw’eby’obuhangwa?”
Okurugirira ahari Kong, scaffolding n’embeera y’eby’obuhangwa ei ebyoma ebi birikutuuramu.
Emyaka 70 ehweire, omuze gukaba guri ogw’okukoresa omwanya gumwe gw’ekyoma kubaasa kuhikiiriza entunguuka z’eby’obuhangwa, kwonka omu myaka ikumi ehweire nari nk’egyo, abanyabwengye omu by’obuhangwa omu by’obuhangwa batandikire kucondooza aha nkoragana y’eby’obuhangwa ahagati y’ebyoma bibiri ebiine akakwate n’eby’obuhangwa nari ebirikuhikaana. , Kong akagira ati, “Nikikuha obugabe bwa diguri nyingi.”
Ebi bimetallic catalysts nibiha abashaho obushoboorozi bw’okugaita eby’ekyoma kurugiirira aha maani gaabyo n’oburemeezi bwabyo, Kong nikwo arikugira. Nk’eky’okureeberaho, ekicweka ky’ekyoma ekirikukwatanisa kubi n’ekintu ekirikugikwataho kwonka kikahenda gye enkoragana nikibaasa kukora n’ekindi kicweka ky’ekyoma ekirikuhenda enkoragana mbi kwonka kikakwatanisa gye n’ekintu ekirikugikwataho gye. Okubaho kw’ekyoma kya kabiri nakyo nikikwata aha mitwarize y’ekyoma ky’okubanza.
”Nobaasa kutandika kutunga eki turikweta synergistic effect ahagati y’ebicweka bibiri eby’ekyoma,” Kong nikwo arikugira. “Ebintu ebimwe eby’omutaano kandi eby’okutangaaza buzima nibitandika kureebeka omu by’okuteerana kw’ebyoma bibiri.”
Kong agizire ngu hakiriho obutamanya bwingi aha ku ebyoma birikukwatanisa omu miringo ya molekyu. Akashemererwa ahabw’oburungi bw’eby’obuhangwa byonka nk’oku yaabaire ashemereirwe ahabw’ebyarugiremu. Kong akareetwa omu laboratory ya Lancaster ahabw’obukugu bwabo omu kucondooza aha bikwatiraine n’erangi ya X-ray.
Lancaster akagira ati: “N’ekintu ekirikukwatanisa. "Ekitongore kya X-ray spectroscopy kikahwera Richard kwetegyereza ebyabaire biri ahansi y'ekikopo n'ekyareeteire etini kukira munonga kugarukamu kandi ekabaasa kukora ekikorwa eki eky'eby'obuhangwa. Nitugasirwa omu kumanya kwe kwingi aha by'obuhangwa bw'ekibiina ekikuru, ekikingire omu mwanya musya."
Byona nibiruga omu by’obuhangwa n’okucondooza, enkora erikubaasika ahabw’ekibiina kya Open Klarman Fellowship, Kong nikwo arikugira.
Akagira ati: “Obwire obwingi nimbaasa kugyendera aha nkora y’okugarukamu omu laboratorio nari kushutama aha kompyuta ndikugyeragyeranisa molekyu.” “Nituteeraho kutunga ekishushani ekihikire eky’emirimo y’emibazi nk’oku kirikubaasika.”